Quite a common and widespread moth, and something of a pest species in warehouses feeding on stored materials, especially cacao and tobacco, but also a range of others, such as cereals. The use of bacillus thuringiensis bt endotoxins to control insect vectors of human diseases and agricultural pests is threatened by the possible evolution of resistance in major pest species. Developmental and reproductive biology of the ectoparasitoid, elasmus steffani, in a substitute host, ephestia kuehniella. First record of the entomopathogenic protist, mattesia.
The total development time from egg to adult emergence was 164, 140, 98, 76, 61, 62 and 50 days, respectively, at the remaining temperatures. We report the results of experiments conducted with ephestia kuehniella zeller to determine the effects of gamma radiation on life stages. Ephestia kuehniella eggs sterilization for trichogramma. Mediterranean flour moth ephestia kuehniella zeller, 1879. Biological aspects of trichogramma pretiosum riley, 1879, reared on artificial host ephestia kuehniella zeller, 1879, were studied in incubators at 25c 1c. Pdf biological parameters of bracon hebetor hymenoptera. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Sex chromosome pairing and sex chromatin bodies in wz. Ecdysteroids profile in ephestia kuehniella abstract.
It is a common pest of cereal grains, especially flour. Chemical composition and fumigant toxicity of some. Pdf influence of larval density on biological fitness of. This species may be confused with the related indian mealmoth plodia. Biological characteristics of indigenous chrysoperla carnea neuroptera. Induction and transmission of bacillus thuringiensis. Estimating development and temperature thresholds of. Pyralidae, is one of the most important pests of stored products, especially damaging cereals. Chemical composition and fumigant toxicity of some essential oils against ephestia kuehniella. Ephestia kuehniella an overview sciencedirect topics. Purification and characterization of chitinase from the. Following acclimation at 20 or 6 and exposure at 6 levels of enzyme activities were studied in larvae of ephestia kuehniella.
The hairpencils of the flour moth ephestia kuehniella. Ephestia kuehniella insect mating disruption already extensively used in global agriculture. Intraspecific variation in the number of ovarioles was also studied. Eggs, larvae, pupae and adults were irradiated with increasing doses of gamma radiation seven dose levels between 50 and 400 gy for eggs and larvae, six dose levels between 50 and 350 gy for pupae and four dose levels. Tolerance to bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin in immune. The main effects and interactions of adult age, access to food and host deprivation, on the egg load of venturia canescens gravenhorst hymenoptera. Adult forewings are pale gray with transverse black wavy bars and the hind wings are dirty white in color. Biology and parasitism of trichogramma pretiosum riley. For more multimedia, look at ephestia kuehniella on wikimedia commons. Effects of different diet levels of ephestia kuehniella eggs. The rearing host ephestia kuehniella eggs need to be sterilized because the voracious larvae of this species can affect the quantity of produced trichogramma by consuming parasitized eggs.
Species mediterranean flour moth ephestia kuehniella. Reproductive ability and number of living adults decreased depending on the length of the storage period. Description top of page a grey phycitine moth, when at rest appearing long and narrow, length from head to wingtips 1014 mm, larger than most storedproduct phycitinae. Influence of different diets on some biological parameters. Developmental and reproductive biology of the ectoparasitoid.
Ernst caspari for the opportunity to work as a guest in his laboratory, for his constant interest throughout the course of the present work and for critically reading the manuscript. The almond moth or tropical warehouse moth cadra cautella is a small, storedproduct pest. The present study focuses on the structure of versons cells and neighbouring germ cells in the mediterranean mealmoth, ephestia kuehniella pyralidae, using electron microscopy, antitubulin immunofluorescence, and phalloidin incubation for the visualization of microfilaments. Comparison of ephestia kuehniella eggs sterilization methods for trichogramma rearing mylene stongea. In light microscopic preparations of pachytene oocytes of wildtype females, the wz bivalent stands out by its heterochromatic w. None successfully completed development at 10 and 32. Though it prefers warm temperatures because it can develop more rapidly, e. Contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose. The mediterranean fiou r moth, ephestia kuehniella zeller, is a serious cosmopolitan pest for cereal mills and wherever flour is stored, and in the azores. Some reproduction aspects of ephestia kuehniella zeller lepidoptera, pyralidae under mass rearing conditions l. The larvae feed on the surface mold, but do not readily attack sound copra. Effects of different diet levels of ephestia kuehniella eggs on life history parameters of chrysoperla rufilabris neuroptera. The sterilization by exposition to uv light followed by conservation using vacuum packing and refrigeration at 4c provided the longest conservation of e.
Determination of biological parameters of ephestia kuehniella on different factitious diets ten different combinations of wheat flour aro, aydin, turkey, cornmeal aro, aydin, turkey, wheat bran nuhun ankara, ankara, turkey, yeast pakmaya, duzce, turkey and glycerine merck, darmstadt, germany were tested as diets for e. The development of ephestia kuehniella was followed carefully on white flour at. Pyralidae and other pyralids, were studied in the laboratory. Tongchitpakdee, in postharvest biology and technology of tropical and subtropical fruits. Ephestia is a genus of small moths belonging to the family pyralidae. Jul 30, 2010 developmental and reproductive biology of the ectoparasitoid, elasmus steffani, in a substitute host, ephestia kuehniella i. This page is a list of lists of some of the 160,000 species of lepidoptera that are commonly known as moths. The effects of acclimation and low temperatures on enzyme.
The indianmeal moth plodia interpunctella, also spelled as indian meal moth and indian meal moth, is a pyraloid moth of the family pyralidae. Braconidae parasitizing ephestia kuehniella lepidoptera. In the substitute host ephestia kuehniella zeller lepidoptera. Pyralidae, the duration of the developmental stages was approximately 1115. It is pathogenic in a secondary host, the larvae of the mediterranean meal moth, ephestia kuehniella, and can be serially passaged in ephestia, where it is lethal. This page was last edited on 5 november 2015, at 11.
Management of this pest has become more difficult since the ban of methyl bromide in denmark in 1998. Nutriforce ephestia eggs for predator food 102550gr. It can be a pest in flour mills and bakeries, where the moths are to be found resting on walls and windows by day. The success of trichogramma in biological control programs is influenced by. During this period the adult female can lay between 300350 eggs which are stuck to various foods by a sticky secretion. Mediterranean flour moth ephestia kuehniella ukmoths. Pdf mediterranean flour moth, ephestia kuehniella, is a cosmopolitan pest of stored products, and its eggs are widely used to rear parasitoids and.
Mediterranean flour moth ephestia kuehniella the larva is on average 12 inch to 23 inch mm 16 mm and can have a coloring of a white to pink. Is the sex communication of two pyralid moths, plodia. When larvae of ephestia kuehniella zeller meet they deposit from their mandibular glands a pheromone that mediates a response to. Ephestia kuehniella frozen eggs of the indian flour moth ephestia kuehniella serve as a main food source in the production of many different beneficial insects. Biological control of the mediterranean flour moth ephestia kuehniella. Bulk quantities of frozen ephestia eggs are also available. Much of the early history of developmental and physiological genetics in germany remains to be written. Indianmeal moth management is a challenge that begins with the storage. The animal diversity web is an educational resource written largely by and for college students. Pyralidae and its antibacterial role volume 38 issue 2 mahmoud mehranian, reza farshbaf pourabad, nemat sokhandanbashir, ahmad asoodeh, ahsan salihi.
Distribution map please note that the nbn gateway map service has been terminated as of 1 april 2017. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 799k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Testis follicles of lepidoptera contain a large somatic cell termed versons cell. In the homozygous condition, the alleles 2 s, 2 m, and 2 f determine the subunits s, m, and f which aggregate to form enzymatically active molecules, probably dimers, found in starch gel as single bands of slow. Less matingfewer larvaeless insecticidereduced infestation. This book is intended to serve as an introduction to the.
The mature larva is 1015mm long and is creamy white with a brown head capsule and brown body markings. Though we edit our accounts for accuracy, we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts. Pdf some reproduction aspects of ephestia kuehniella. Besides pest status, its eggs and larvae are commonly used for mass rearing of many natural enemies.
Ammonia is found in the excreta of larvae of ephestia kuehniella, urea and allantoin in tenebrio. Pdf in this study, we examined the fecundity, survival, and adult longevity of. This sterility is caused by an agent which has characteristics of a microorganism. Less mating fewer larvae with each cycle reduced infestation. Ephestia kuehniella eggs can be used as a supplemental food source to maintain predators such as orius insidiosus, chrysoperla rufilabris larval stage and dicyphus hesperus when pest levels are low. No comprehensive study of delayed mating and sex ratio on e. Purification and characterization of chitinase from the integument of the mediterranean flour moth, ephestia kuehniella lepidoptera. Longterm exposure to cold lengthened the life of the adults and 50% mortality was reached after 6 weeks. Chromosome structure and pairing behaviour of the pachytene bivalents in the wildtype and in w chromosome mutants were studied using a microcentrifugation technique.
It belongs to the family of snout moths, and more specifically to the tribe phycitini of the huge snout moth subfamily phycitinae. Pyralidae, exhibit daily rhythms in calling behavior. Pyralidae with respect to cuticular thickness and protein. Pyralidae, the duration of the developmental stages was approximately 1115 days. Ephestia kuehniella lepidoptera, pyralidae, is a serious pest per stored. Estimating development and temperature thresholds of ephestia. The spread bivalents display a characteristic lampbrush structure with lateral loops having the typical appearance of nucleosomal fibers, in autosomes as well as in the w and z chromosomes. Different diets are suggested for the production of e. Alternative common names are weevil moth, pantry moth, flour moth or grain moth. Conservation of ephestia kuehniella eggs as hosts for. Ephestia kuehniella, ecdysteroides, reproduction developpement. Growth of ephestia kuehniella is optimal with 80% glucose in the diet. The mediterranean flour moth, ephestia kuehniella zeller lepidoptera. Effect of cold storage and different diets on ephestia.
The structure of versons cells in ephestia kuehniella z. Lydia buntrock, a frantisek marec, b sarah krueger, a walther traut a. This page was last edited on 18 december 2019, at 18. Chrysopidae fed on a natural and an alternative prey akram alghamdi 1 and samy sayed 1,2 1 department of biology, faculty of science, taif university, taif, 888, saudi arabia. Structure and pairing behavior of sex chromosomes in females of four tw. In this communication i show that ovipositing female. Typical fresh navicular oocysts of the pathogen were 12. Behaviour of the male mediterranean flour moth, ephestia huehniella, following attraction to a source of female sex pheromone.
The development of the mediterranean flour moth, ephestia kuehniella zeller. Effect of biotic and abiotic factors on reproductive. Lepidoptera and some other life forms ephestia elutella. Some species are significant pests of dry plant produce, such as seeds and cereals. Ephestia kuehniella, the mediterranean flour moth adult will begin mating immediately after emergence. Characteristics of the drosophila paulistorum male sterility agent in a secondary host, ephestia kuehniella. The present study is the first record of a natural neogregarine infection of ephestia kuehniella zeller lepidoptera. Moths mate within the first few days after emergence, and females lay 150200 eggs on the food source.
The larva is on average 12 inch to 23 inch mm 16 mm and can have a coloring of a white to pink. Jan 15, 2008 ephestia kuehniella adults were stored at 10c for 110 weeks. Comparison of ephestia kuehniella eggs sterilization methods. Complete development requires about 74 days at 25c and 75% relative humidity. Tolerance to bacillus thuringiensis crystal endotoxins bttoxins is correlated with an elevated immune status in larvae of the flour moth ephestia kuehniella. Z lines of the mediterranean flour moth, ephestia kuehniella, were investigated using light and electron microscopic techniques and compared with the wild type. Mill moth ephestia kuehniella the adult is a greyish moth with a pattern of two obscure bands across the forewings. Pdf, supposedly involved in the circadian signal output regulating the daily activities. Flies in january,february,march,april,may,june,july,august,september. The almond moth cadra cautella and the raisin moth cadra figulilella are commonly confused with the indian meal moth due to similar food. Impact of two bisacylhydrazines on development of ephestia. Adw doesnt cover all species in the world, nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe. A process of the trichogen cell secretes the modified scale and then withdraws, and the cell invaginates forming a microvillous lumen. The mediterranean flour moth or mill moth ephestia kuehniella is a moth of the family.
The almond moth, ephestia cautella walker is important and dangerous pest in stored product especially cereal and grain. Department of biology, faculty of arts and sciences, osmaniye korkut ata university, 80000 osmaniye, turkey email. Characteristics of the drosophila paulistorum male. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Copra insect cadra cautella or ephestia cautella is strongly attracted to the molds thriving on the copra that is not properly dry. The infection occurs in the fat body and hemolymph of the larvae. The activities of glucose6phosphate dehydrogenase, catalases, proteinases and acetylcholine esterase were all affected by the acclimation temperatures. Manual or automated methods involving uricase enzyme were subsequently developed for use. Biological sciences biological insect control methods biological pest control chalcidoidea food and nutrition corn health aspects biotechnology genetic engineering genetically engineered foods genetically modified crops insect pests. To gain more specific information about the effector pathways involved in the protection against the toxin, we studied the effects of bttoxin formulations in susceptible noninduced and tolerant immuneinduced larvae after. The larvae of four species of moths, ephestia kuehniella, e. Crosses among the six semispecies of drosophila paulistorum produce sterile male hybrids. Biological control of the mediterranean flour moth ephestia. Trained as a zoologist in freiburg im breisgau, he set out to integrate physiology, development and genetics in a particular experimental system based on the flour moth ephestia.
Pdf on jan 1, 1995, lluis falp and others published some reproduction aspects of ephestia kuehniella zeller lepidoptera, pyralidae under mass rearing conditions. This rudiment contains numerous longitudinally oriented microtubules throughout. Mediterranean flour moth, ephestia kuehniella zeller, 1879, pyralidae mott. The dietetics of the caterpillars of three ephestia. Ephestia kuehniella, mediterranean flour moth russell ipm spi. It prefers warm temperatures for more rapid development, but it can survive a wide range of temperatures. The fine structure and development of a hairpencil organule is described. Synonyms for ephestia kuehniella in free thesaurus. Ephestia kuehniella synonyms, ephestia kuehniella antonyms. Best known among these are probably the cacao moth e. As soon as a replacement map service is available, distribution maps will hopefully appear here again. The development of scale cells in insects has been studied from the appearance of the first cytoplasmic projection which forms the scale rudiment. In addition to high levels of resistance produced by receptor insensitivity 5, 16, 17, several cases of tolerance to low to medium levels of toxin have been reported in.
The development of the mediterranean flour moth, ephestia kuehniella zeller, was evaluated at 10, 15, 17. Australian journal of experimental biology and medical science 20, 233239. Some reproduction aspects of ephestia kuehniella zeller. The mediterranean flour moth or mill moth ephestia kuehniella is a moth of the family pyralidae. When larvae of ephestia kuehniella zeller meet they deposit from their mandibular glands a pheromone that mediates a response to crowding1. Almond moths infest flour, bran, oats, and other grains, as well as dried fruits. Ichneumonidae, a larval parasitoid of ephestia kuehniella lepidoptera. Pdf oviposition model of ephestia kuehniella lepidoptera. The full text of this article is available as a pdf 1. Synaptonemal complexes with associated chromatin in a moth. The mediterranean flour moth, ephestia kuehniella zeller, has. Forewing palegrey or brownishgrey, suffused with darker grey, two darker zigzag fascias, sometimes indistinct. The hairpencils of the mediterranean flour moth, ephestia kuehniella zeller, are tufts of modified scales between the seventh and eighth abdominal segments of the adult males.
Biological characteristics of indigenous chrysoperla carnea. The influence of temperature and humidity on the lifecycle of. Developmental and reproductive biology of the ectoparasitoid, elasmus steffani, in a substitute host, ephestia kuehniella i. This moth is found throughout the world, especially in countries with temperate climates. Oviposition pheromone in larval mandibular glands of ephestia.
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